#Islamicarchitecture

In 1978, the Rübel Asiatic Research Collection became part of the Fine Arts Library. Langdon Warner, an archaeologist and historian specializing in East Asian art, was the first professor of Asian art history at Harvard and the Curator of Oriental Art in the Fogg Art Museum. Warner traveled to Asia numerous times, among them an 1913-14 trip sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution to explore the possibility of founding an American School of Chinese Archaeology in Beijing. [1] In 1923 and 1925, the Fogg Museum sent Warner to western China. These expeditions have become controversial due to the removal of antiquities. The Rübel Asiatic Research Bureau was established in 1927 with the opening of the Fogg Art Museum. Warner donated books and photographs from his personal collection to the Bureau, which served as the curatorial library of the Oriental Art Department. The Bureau was further strengthened by Boston businessman and Harvard alumnus, C. Adrian Rübel, who established a dedicated fund for the purchase of Asian books and art materials. In 1978, the Bureau was integrated into the Fine Arts Library, and its official name was changed to the Rübel Asiatic Research Collection. Today, the Rübel Collection includes approximately 65,000 volumes devoted to the history of Asian art, focusing on the art, architecture, and archaeology of China, Japan, Korea, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and India. In 1979, the Documentation Center of the Aga Khan Program was established at the Fine Arts Library, a part of the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard and MIT, funded by a gift from H.H. the Aga Khan to support teaching and research on the history of art and architecture in Islamic societies. Since then, the Fine Arts Library has been building comprehensive collections that combine visual and printed documentation in all languages and formats on the art, architecture, archaeology, and epigraphy of the Islamic world. The Middle East and Islamic Photographs include more than 150,000 photographs and slides documenting Islamic art and architecture, as well as ethnographic views, plans, and maps. Former librarian for Islamic Art and Architecture, András Riedlmayer cataloged years of cultural heritage destruction by Serbian nationalists in the Balkans in the 1990s and testified before the U.N. a decade later. Riedlmayer donated some of the burned books he collected from the Balkans to the Aga Khan Program at the Fine Arts Library. [1] Langdon Warner. Smithsonian National Museum of Asian Art website: https://asia.si.edu/research/archives/search/ead_collection:sova-fsa-a1994-07/

Architecture, with Spirit: A Reflection on Direction, Proportion, and Purity

I once sat in a lecture where the speaker, after stacking dozens of sketches of so-called Islamic cities, announced that there is no such thing as Islamic architecture . He claimed the category was invented by Orientalists. It was a striking statement, almost provocative, yet perhaps only partially true. Because while the forms of minarets, domes, or courtyards may vary, the essence of Islamic architecture was never ornamental. It began with a city and a cube. With Madinah and the Kaaba. With direction, purity, and a geometry that carried more weight than a thousand stylistic labels. In recent decades, much has been said about Feng Shui, Chi energy, and spatial alignment in architecture . From Silicon Valley homes to Japanese gardens to high-end interiors in Manhattan, the influence of Eastern wisdom has permeated the profession. These practices are fascinating, and they teach us how human psychology responds to thresholds, mirrors, and voids. Yet one must recognize that learning from such systems does not require faith in them. They can be studied as cultural grammars, valuable yet not binding. For those who design within Qur’anic paradigms, another foundation exists, deeper and more precise: the mathematics of orientation, proportion, and purification. The Kaaba is not merely a monument, but the origin of architecture and the eternal architectural identity of Makkah . All the structures that surround it, even if they change, remain part of an identity that is granted by the Kaaba alone.“ Direction as Divine Orientation Long before contemporary discussions of energy flow, the Qibla was established as a fixed metaphysical anchor. Every mosque, regardless of geography, orients toward Makkah. This is not merely symbolic. It dictates the layout of prayer halls, the division of courtyards, and the placement of entrances. It is the original system of sacred navigation. In that sense, Islamic architecture carries its own spiritual GPS, a divine code of direction embedded into every structure. Kaaba “The Kaaba, with its simple cubic geometry, is a symbol uniting earth and heaven, embodying both the spiritual and functional essence of Islamic architecture. It is not an object of worship, but a spiritual compass harmonizing the built form with the soul’s orientation and ethics.” Purity as Prerequisite The first mosque in Islam was not monumental; it was a testament to simplicity and humility, and above all, to tahara (purity). This concept, often discussed in theology, is an architectural principle in its own right—it shaped the flow of water, the zoning of courtyards, and the very spirit of the built environment. As the Qur'an reveals regarding the mosque built on piety: "فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَن يَتَطَهَّرُوا ۚ وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُطَّهِّرِينَ” (سورة التوبة، الآية 108). The essence of this architecture is not found in ornamental forms like minarets or domes, but in a deeper, purer foundation. This is exemplified by the first House of Worship itself, as the Qur'an reminds us: “إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَيْتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِي بِبَكَّةَ مُبَارَكًا وَهُدًى لِّلْعَالَمِينَ. فِيهِ آيَاتٌ بَيِّنَاتٌ مَّقَامُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ۖ وَمَن دَخَلَهُ كَانَ آمِنًا” (سورة آل عمران، الآية 96-97). Purity here is not merely aesthetic; it is structural. It is the very DNA of the built environment. It is a core principle that distinguishes the essence of Islamic Architecture from its secondary, decorative elements. The Golden Ratio, and the Sacred Square Mathematics has long fascinated architects . The golden ratio has been traced in temples, cathedrals, and even Le Corbusier’s Modulor. But in Islamic buildings , proportions acquire a more profound meaning. The Kaaba is not a square by coincidence. Its dimensions are rooted in balance, its edges tied to symmetry, its presence defiant of ornamentation. Around it, millions circle, aligned not only by faith but by geometry that transcends culture. The cube holds silence, yet speaks mathematics. Spatial Psychology and Sacred Geometry At INJ Architects , we explored how emotional responses to space—what makes one feel at ease or anxious—are not random. By integrating Qur’anic concepts of proportion and emptiness with mathematical spatial modeling, we tested how a person might feel inside a space before it is even built. The hypothesis is clear: when space follows divine logic, it becomes not just beautiful, but benevolent. This is not about style. It is about ethics. About designing buildings that serve the soul as much as the market. Learning Without Worshipping: Beyond Feng Shui To be clear, Feng Shui has a legacy worth studying. Its rules about orientation, mirrors, and furniture remind us how humans interpret space. But for Islamic societies, and for those who design within Qur’anic paradigms, a richer framework already exists. One that places the Qibla above the mirror, the Kaaba above the mandala, the mathematics of shadows above speculative energies. We can learn from Feng Shui without worshipping it. It becomes spice, not the main dish. Makkah as Urban Archetype In debates on cities , high-rises, and skyline erosion, one must not forget that the true architectural language of Makkah is not in its towers. It is in the permanence of the Kaaba. Everything else is rebuildable. Nothing is sacred except that cube. When a city is anchored to a fixed spiritual object, it gains not only orientation but also moral clarity. Contemporary Translation: Ghiras Al Madina These principles are not confined to history. In Ghiras Al Madina , a contemporary project in the heart of Madinah, we drew inspiration from the Prophet’s Mosque in its earliest form. Palm trunks became columns, shadows became tools of proportion, and courtyards facilitated both shade and purification. The experiment was not nostalgic, but mathematical: a re-translation of sacred logic into contemporary design . It revealed how even in modern contexts, geometry and purity can guide innovation. “Purity is not merely aesthetic or ritual; it penetrates the very DNA of the built environment — influencing water flow, spatial zoning, and even how cities grow around sacred sites, making cleanliness a prerequisite for spiritual and architectural harmony.” Synthesis based on concepts from Ibrahim Joharji’s writings Toward a New Spiritual Architecture This is not about reviving domes or copying mashrabiya screens. It is about rethinking the ethical foundation of the built environment. Can a home be ethical? Can an airport be moral? Can a classroom be spiritually nourishing? The answer lies in design choices, in the metaphysical laws we choose to follow. Orientalists may debate categories, but believers live within an architecture that already carries unity, balance, and direction. If we listen carefully, we will hear that the soul, like a compass, always points home. ✦ ArchUp Editorial Insight This article dives into the elusive yet enduring intersection between architecture and spirituality, exploring principles like Feng Shui, directional sciences, and the golden ratio —but ultimately anchoring its narrative in the mathematical purity of Islamic architecture. Rather than promoting mysticism, the piece suggests that geometry and proportion —as embodied in structures like the Kaaba—carry deeper moral and cosmological meanings. The critique is layered: while modern design often borrows from symbolic systems like Feng Shui for “aesthetic seasoning”, the author argues that Islamic architecture offers a foundational logic for purity, harmony, and divine alignment . This thoughtful positioning elevates the article beyond style commentary. Looking ahead, its core argument remains durable: that design rooted in mathematical and ethical clarity may better withstand the tests of time and trend . The integration of spiritual science and geometric discipline makes this a rare architectural meditation—both ancient and provocatively contemporary. https://archup.net/bring-feng-shui-outside-with-these-5-elements/ https://archup.net/sustainable-architecture-the-environmentally-friendly-concept/ Dive into the world of architecture – from bold concepts to global competitions – curated with ArchUp. #ArchUp #architecture Read the full article

The Prophetic Way of Building Masjids | Blessings of Contributing to a Mosque Discover the wisdom behind how the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ built Masjid Nabawi—starting small, then expanding as needed. This video highlights the Prophetic method of mosque construction, the significance of sincerity over size, and the immense blessings promised for those who contribute to building and expanding masjids, even if they never see the full result in their lifetime. Learn how your sadaqah today can benefit you in the akhirah and serve generations to come.

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Step back in time at Shah Rukn-e Alam’s magnificent mausoleum, an architectural masterpiece showcasing Persian influences.

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Mosque and Madrasa of Sultan Hassan

Architectural Genius of the Mosque and Madrasa of Sultan Hassan The Mosque and Madrasa of Sultan Hassan stands as one of the greatest masterpieces in the history of Islamic architecture. Built in the fourteenth century in the heart of historic Cairo, the structure remains a testament to bold engineering, refined artistry, and a deep understanding of space. Its architectural brilliance continues to inspire scholars and architects around the world, revealing how advanced medieval craftsmanship truly was. A stunning panoramic view of Cairo’s historic Islamic skyline, showcasing timeless domes and soaring minarets that reflect the beauty of traditional Islamic architecture. A Monumental Structure that Reflects Power The first thing that captivates any visitor is the building’s sheer scale. Its massive façade stretches for tens of meters, rising to heights that were rarely achieved in the Mamluk era. This monumental presence was designed to reflect the authority and prestige of the sultan, yet the architects managed to preserve harmony and elegance despite the enormity of the structure. The smart use of vertical layering guides the eye upward in a natural and comfortable way, creating an impression of power without overwhelming the viewer. This balance between grandeur and visual comfort is one of the most remarkable achievements of its designers. A Gateway Designed with Purpose The entrance of Sultan Hassan’s complex is considered one of the most magnificent in Islamic architecture. Its towering height and refined decorations resemble the gateways of mighty fortresses. The architects used a subtle bent-axis approach, allowing the visitor to walk through a slightly angled passage. This clever design creates a sense of anticipation, enhances privacy, and protects the interior from strong winds. It reflects a deep understanding not only of aesthetics but also of functionality and environmental adaptation. The Courtyard and the Mastery of Light Stepping into the courtyard feels like entering an architectural theatre. The open space is perfectly proportioned, with a large ablution fountain at its center. The marble floor is intricately patterned, reflecting the high level of craftsmanship characteristic of Mamluk design. What truly sets this courtyard apart is the way light is handled. High openings and decorative windows allow soft, diffused light to illuminate the courtyard throughout the day. The architects studied the movement of the sun and crafted the window patterns in a way that ensures pleasant illumination without excessive heat. This natural lighting strategy is centuries ahead of modern sustainable design concepts. A stunning aerial view of Cairo at sunrise, highlighting its iconic historic mosques and the timeless beauty of Islamic architecture. The Grand Iwan That Defies Its Time The largest iwan, the qibla iwan, is one of the most extraordinary architectural achievements of its era. Its immense height and spaciousness demonstrate immense courage and mastery. The wooden ceiling, the stucco decorations, and the meticulously carved mihrab all display an exceptional level of artistry. One of the most fascinating features is the natural acoustics of the space. The shape of the iwan, along with the angled walls, allows sound to travel clearly from the imam to the furthest corners without any mechanical amplification. This reveals a deep understanding of geometry and sound behavior long before acoustic science was formally developed. Four Schools in One Masterpiece The complex includes four madrasas, each dedicated to one of the four Islamic legal schools. Each madrasa is equipped with its own iwan, study areas, and unique methods of ventilation and illumination. The placement of these four iwans around the central courtyard creates an educational environment that is both functional and harmonious. This innovative layout demonstrates one of the earliest examples of integrating education and worship into a single coherent architectural composition. A scenic aerial view capturing the intricate details of Cairo’s Islamic architecture alongside the vibrant cityscape of Egypt’s capital. Craftsmanship and Materials of Exceptional Quality The builders used massive stone blocks sourced from various regions. Their alignment is so precise that the walls appear seamless, as if they were carved from a single piece of stone. Marble inlays, carved woodwork, and metal details reflect the extraordinary talents of Cairo’s craftsmen in the Mamluk era. The construction technology of the time was astonishingly advanced. Despite its enormous size and towering domes, the building has remained stable for over six centuries, showing no significant structural failure. This durability speaks to the genius of its engineers and the precision of their calculations. An aerial view showcasing Cairo’s historic mosques framed by the modern city skyline, blending timeless Islamic architecture with the pulse of contemporary urban life. Hidden Engineering Innovations One of the greatest achievements of the Sultan Hassan complex is the invisible engineering behind its stability. The architects used a system of internal buttresses and carefully distributed load paths to balance the enormous weight of the structure. Many modern engineers study this building to understand how Mamluk builders mastered load distribution without access to modern tools or technology. Why the Building Is Still a School of Architecture The Mosque and Madrasa of Sultan Hassan is much more than a historical monument. It is a living school of architecture. Modern architects learn from it how to shape spaces, control light, adapt buildings to the environment, and harmonize beauty with practical needs. The building also serves as a visual identity for Cairo, proving that architecture is a cultural message as much as it is a physical structure. Its pioneering concepts continue to influence contemporary design, making it one of the most valuable architectural texts ever created in stone. ArchUp Insight At ArchUp, we look deeper into architectural masterpieces that shaped the visual and cultural identity of cities across the world. The Mosque and Madrasa of Sultan Hassan stands out as an exceptional example of Mamluk engineering, where monumental scale meets precise craftsmanship and thoughtful spatial organization. This landmark continues to inspire architects with its innovative use of light, acoustics, and structural balance, proving that historical architecture still holds valuable lessons for contemporary design. Through insights like this, ArchUp remains committed to highlighting influential works that enrich architectural understanding and spark new creative perspectives. Aggregation Links To analyze the brilliance of this complex, explore Research on Mamluk Architecture and ancient Construction techniques, and delve into the secrets of acoustic Design and the properties of (Building Materials) that preserved the mosque’s grandeur. https://archup.net/sultan-bin-salman-and-architecture-a-profound-vision-that-transcended-the-boundaries-of-time-and-space/ Dive into the world of architecture – from bold concepts to global competitions – curated with ArchUp. #ArchUp #architecture

The Prophetic Way of Building Masjids | Blessings of Contributing to a Mosque Discover the wisdom behind how the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ built Masjid Nabawi—starting small, then expanding as needed. This video highlights the Prophetic method of mosque construction, the significance of sincerity over size, and the immense blessings promised for those who contribute to building and expanding masjids, even if they never see the full result in their lifetime. Learn how your sadaqah today can benefit you in the akhirah and serve generations to come.

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The Muqarnas - Complete Guide in Modeling Muqarnas in Rhino 3D - Islamic Architecture and Geometry Rhino 3D تصميم المقرنص في This video is a guide on how to create Muqarnas in Rhino 3D. This course goes into detail about the methods of constructing a Muqarnas in Rhino by starting out with basic geometries and progressing into more advanced geometries. The video also covers the history and the construction methods of Muqarnas.

The Prophetic Way of Building Masjids | Blessings of Contributing to a Mosque Discover the wisdom behind how the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ built Masjid Nabawi—starting small, then expanding as needed.

Spain Is Collapsing: Cultural Surrender in the Face of Islamic Infiltration – A Nation Committing Suicide Live Spain Is Collapsing: Cultural Surrender in the Face of Islamic Infiltration – A Nation Committing Suicide Live

Jumeirah Mosque in Dubai, UAE | Tour & Travel: Disha Global Discover the beauty of Jumeirah Mosque in Dubai, a stunning example of Islamic architecture open to non-Muslims for guided cultural tours.

The Muqarnas - Complete Guide in Modeling Muqarnas in Rhino 3D - Islamic Architecture and Geometry Rhino 3D تصميم المقرنص في This video is a guide on how to create Muqarnas in Rhino 3D. This course goes into detail about the methods of constructing a Muqarnas in Rhino by starting out with basic geometries and progressing into more advanced geometries. The video also covers the history and the construction methods of Muqarnas.